Sociopolitical

Since 2011, the country has been witnessing a continuous wave of illegal migration, with three major waves recorded. The first peak was in 2012, the second in 2015, and the third in 2021. During these years, approximately 7 million refugees left Syria, in addition to a similar number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) who are typically seen as a major source of refugee flow to the world.

The UN Security Council convened on July 11, 2023, for a session to discuss extending the mandate for the humanitarian aid mechanism to Syria. The meeting concluded without reaching an agreement on either of the two draft resolutions that were proposed.

Since 2011, the authority in Syria has relatively lost its ability to intervene in societal matters, gradually restoring the presence of civil society through the emergence of entities such as unions, political bodies, community associations, media unions, humanitarian and development organizations, among others.

The security disturbances in the areas under the Syrian regime have been continuing at an escalating pace since mid-2022. During that time, the Syrian regime’s Ministry of Defense issued strict instructions aimed at controlling the operations of booby-trapping vehicles and cars targeting officers and non-commissioned officers.

The Arab League Council, under the presidency of Egypt, adopted Resolution 8914 during its extraordinary ministerial—level session on May 7, 2023. The resolution stated the resumption of participation by the Syrian regime's delegations in the League's meetings. Subsequently, during its 32nd summit held in Jeddah on the same month, the AL Council issued a modified version of the resolution.

Despite the Syrian regime has been isolated by the international community after 2011, it was notable that many countries engaged in negotiations with this regime even before the start of the normalization process by the end of 2018.

The United States extended on May 8, 2023, the state of emergency regarding the Syrian regime until 2024, considering its behavior as still posing an unusual and extraordinary threat to US national security and foreign policy.

Undoubtedly, this decision represents a serious Arab retreat from the position taken at the end of 2011 in response to the grave violations taking place in Syria. It serves the interests of the perpetrators of these violations and enhances the likelihood of similar violations being committed in other countries.

Working in the economic, political, and social sectors is not possible without considering the demographic dimension. Population issues have remained a focal point for many research institutions, as demographic changes have impacted everyone. Similarly, migration and displacement issues have remained prominent throughout the years of conflict in Syria.

The February 6 earthquakes that struck Türkiye and Syria revealed how far the Syrian regime would capitalise on humanitarian issues in achieving political goals. However, such efforts or endeavours in this regard are not new themes for the regime; as such behaviour has been evident since 2020, that is, with the onset of calm in the country.

Analytical report published by the Jusoor Center for Studies, addresses the most prominent changes that Syria has undergone after 2011 and included various aspects of political, economic and social life. It also specifies the size and level of the impact that the revolution has caused.

Syrian refugees in Türkiye and IDPs in NW Syria face great challenges after the earthquake struck the region on Feb. 6, 2023. It discusses the key challenges facing Syrians in Türkiye and inside Syria in the short and medium terms, which affect many areas, especially economic, social, health, urban and others